The entire Russian government has abruptly resigned. It comes as Vladimir Putin attempts to change the country's balance of power.
The entire Russian government has abruptly resigned. It comes as Vladimir Putin attempts to change the country's balance of power.
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Russian President Vladimir Putin. Picture: Mikhail Klimentyev/Sputnik via APSource:AP
Vladimir Putin has significantly strengthened his grip on power, with voters approving changes to the Russian constitution which will allow him to remain President for at least another 16 years.
Russians have spent the last week voting in a national referendum, which asked them to either support or oppose a wide-ranging package of more than 200 amendments to the nation's 'Basic Law'.
It was an all-or-nothing deal. Voters could either support every amendment, or none of them. And according to Russia's Central Elections Commission, three-quarters voted yes.
Independent groups have disputed that figure, saying their own exit polls showed support for the package was short of a majority. Russia's most prominent opposition leader, Alexei Navalny, has dismissed the official result as 'fake'.
But of course, allegations of election-rigging are nothing new in Russia.
And the referendum was largely symbolic anyway. While Mr Putin had pledged to honour the result either way, Russia's houses of parliament already ratified the amendments in question months ago.
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Mark keathley fine art puzzles mac os. Those amendments enshrine a number of socially conservative positions in the constitution, including the definition of marriage as being between a man and woman, belief in god as a 'core value', 'protection' of the family as a top priority, and the primacy of Russian law over international law.
Most significantly, buried in the long list of changes is the elimination of a ban on presidents serving more than two consecutive terms.
Mr Putin, 67, has been either president or prime minister of Russia since 1999. His current term as President was supposed to end in 2024.
The changes mean he will now be able to run for two more six-year terms, extending his stay in office until 2036, when he'll be 83 years old.
He is, effectively, President for life.
President Vladimir Putin. Picture: Mikhail Klimentyev/Sputnik via APSource:AP
Asked whether he will attempt to stay in power, Mr Putin has repeatedly played coy.
'I have not decided anything for myself yet. I don't exclude the possibility of this. If the constitution allows the opportunity, we will see,' he said in March, when the amendments passed through parliament.
Then, in a TV interview last week, he hinted even more strongly that it was indeed his intention to remain President.
Mr Putin argued that, without the constitutional changes, Russia's government would become distracted from more important concerns by the search for his successor.
'Experience tells me there will be searches at various levels of government for possible successors instead of normal rhythmic work in two years,' he said.
'We need to work, not look for successors.'
In one last appeal to voters on Tuesday, Mr Putin addressed the nation, with the statues of Soviet soldiers who died fighting Nazi Germany serving as his backdrop.
'We vote for the country in which we want to live – with modern education and healthcare; with reliable social protection of citizens; with effective power, accountable to society,' he said.
'I am sure each of you, making such an important decision, thinks first of all about your loved ones, and the values that unite us. This is truth and justice; this is respect for workers; for people of older generations; this is family and caring for children and their health, moral, spiritual education.
'We vote for the country in which we want to live – with modern education and healthcare; with reliable social protection of citizens; with effective power, accountable to society,' he said.
'I am sure each of you, making such an important decision, thinks first of all about your loved ones, and the values that unite us. This is truth and justice; this is respect for workers; for people of older generations; this is family and caring for children and their health, moral, spiritual education.
'(These) amendments to the Basic Law reinforce these values and principles as the highest, unconditional constitutional guarantees. We can ensure stability, security, prosperity and a decent life for people.'
He made no mention of the change to his own term limit.
Mr Putin showing his passport after arriving to cast his own vote in the referendum. Picture: Alexei Druzhinin/Sputnik/AFPSource:AFP
The reaction to today's result was swift and, among Mr Putin's opponents, furious.
'Right now a huge number of people are frustrated by the result. I voted no, everyone around voted no, but the result is a solid yes,' Mr Navalny said.
'The ‘results' they just announced are fake and a huge lie. This has nothing to do with the opinion of Russian citizens.
'(Putin) refused to hold a real referendum in accordance with all the rules and with observers present. Because he understood, if there are rules, he will lose.'
The opposition activist group Nyet – 'No' in English – said their own exit poll, taken in Moscow, showed 55 per cent of voters had opposed the amendments. The election monitoring organisation Golos said it had recorded more than 1000 violations of the rules.
'Anomalies are obvious. There are regions where turnout is artificially (boosted); there are regions where it is more or less real,' Golos's co-chairman Grigory Melkonyants told The Associated Press.
For example, turnout was 73 per cent in the region of Tyva, but only 22 per cent in neighbouring Altai.
'These differences can be explained only by forcing people to vote in certain areas, or by rigging,' Golos said.
Mr Melkonyants said the result 'can't really bear any legal standing'.
Government officials had mounted a large effort to increase voter turnout, with polls extended over nearly a week, the last day of voting declared a national holiday, and voters enticed with prizes, including apartments, cars and cash.
There were widespread reports of public sector employees reliant on the state for their jobs being pressured and coerced to vote.
Hundreds of protesters held a rally in central Moscow today to denounce the constitutional amendments, defying a ban on public gatherings in place to stop the spread of coronavirus.
Several activists lay down in Red Square, forming the number 2036 – a reference to the date Mr Putin can now reign until – before police stepped in.
Vladimir Putin. Picture: Alexei Druzhinin/Sputnik via APSource:AP
Financier turned political activist Bill Browder was once the largest foreign investor in Russia, before he was kicked out for being a 'threat to national security'.
He has spent the last decade seeking justice for Sergei Magnitsky, who died in 2009 after enduring a year of inhumane conditions in a Russian prison.
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Mr Browder spoke to CBC News while the referendum was under way this week, and warned the constitutional changes would allow Mr Putin to stay in power until his death.
'Putin pretty much coronated himself 20 years ago. What we're going to see in the next couple of days is him ironing out the wrinkles that stood in his way to being President for life,' he said.
'In theory he'll have to be elected, but that's sort of a given, given the way they cheat.'
Mr Browder said Mr Putin's primary motive in keeping power was not any geopolitical ambition for Russia, but a desire to keep himself from losing his wealth and freedom.
'He's not like a normal head of state. He's not interested in the welfare of the Russian people, he's not interested in the greatness of Russia, he's interested in enriching himself,' he said.
'If he were ever not to be in power, he would lose his money, he would go to jail, and perhaps worse. To him, it's an existential risk to lose power, and the only way to overcome that existential risk is to stay in power.'
With AFP
It's been a long time coming, but having your Mac tell you that some of your apps will stop working brings some immediacy to the issue: If there's a 32-bit Mac app you rely on to get work done, and it's no longer being updated, on forthcoming versions of macOS it will only work with compromises, and ultimately it won't work at all.
Don't fear the death of your old software, my friends. Your current long-in-the-tooth favorites, and old friends you said goodbye to years ago, can live on and still be useful, thanks to the miraculous digital afterlife known as virtualization.
A legal hedge against obsolescence
When you think about emulation (if you think about it at all), it's probably in the context of downloading software that lets you play old games or even revisit ancient computing platforms, all thanks to software that's probably still under copyright but has often been utterly abandoned.
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But emulation (and its cousin, virtualization) can also be used legally to do all sorts of useful things. The Linux server I run my entire business on is, in fact, one of many virtualized servers running on a much larger piece of hardware. It's virtual reality for computers: There's an entire pretend computer that's actually a program on a different computer.
If you're a Mac user, you may know virtualization from apps like VMWare Fusion and Parallels Desktop, both of which let you run Windows apps while you're also running macOS. Since both macOS and Windows use Intel processors, this isn't emulation Alklha: the legend of the moon mac os. (where the software is pretending to be computer's processor itself), but it's still virtualization, since Windows and its apps think they're inside a Windows PC when they're really inside an app running on a Mac.
Running Windows apps can be really convenient if you rely on them. But what about those old Mac apps that are going to be obsolete soon? And what about those apps you abandoned when you upgraded to Mountain Lion or Mavericks or Yosemite or El Capitan?
It's not widely known, but VMWare Fusion and Parallels Desktop can run virtual versions of macOS, too. There are a few limitations. First off, you can only emulate macOS on hardware running macOS. Second, there are some specific versions of macOS that are allowed for virtualization: Mac OS X 10.5 Leopard and Mac OS X 10.6 Snow Leopard can only have their server versions virtualized, so if you need to dip back that far you'll need to dig up a Mac OS X Server disc or buy an old one on the internet.
But you're free to virtualize Mac OS X 10.7 Lion, Mac OS X 10.8 Mountain Lion, Mac OS X 10.9 Mavericks, Mac OS X 10.10 Yosemite, Mac OS X 10.11 El Capitan, macOS 10.12 Sierra, and macOS 10.13 High Sierra. (Presumably Apple will continue allowing future versions of macOS to run in virtualization on Mac hardware.)
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So if you have old software that you're afraid isn't going to work in a future macOS version, fear not: You should be able to install macOS in VMWare Fusion or Parallels Desktop and keep using that app. You can even set the virtualization software to open in a full-screen space on your Mac, so you can swipe on a trackpad from High Sierra to Mavericks and back. It's not necessarily going to be the fastest or smoothest ride—unless you've got a Mac with a powerful processor and a lot of RAM—but it'll probably get the job done.
What about older software?
I have some serious doubts that anyone is performing major productivity tasks on the classic Mac OS, but there are several options for emulating those old versions. Video poker online gratis. MinixMac is a basic emulator of very old macs, and I was able to get lots of my Mac OS 9 software up and running in the SheepShaver emulator.
(A more likely use case than writing your next novel in WriteNow on System 6.0.8 is that you may want to get data that's locked in a proprietary app out into a format you can manage with modern software. I have a bunch of stuff trapped in old database files that I was able to access last week for the first time in 15 years.)
There is a big hole, though, if you're someone like me who wants to chronicle the history of Mac OS from the beginning up to now: the early days of OS X. Macs in those days ran on PowerPC processors, and it's a real challenge to emulate PowerPC Macs running OS X. I know some people who have done it using the QEMU emulator, but it's hard to get working reliably and it's probably not strictly legal.
Old software, old hardware
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However, there's another option: eBay. If you've never shopped for old Mac hardware on eBay, get ready for something. Last week I bought a Power Mac G4 and Apple Cinema Display for $150, and all of a sudden I've got a machine with Mac OS X 10.1 through 10.5 installed on it. (Alas, this system isn't quite old enough to run Mac OS X 10.0 or the Public Beta release.) I'm sure that this area of Mac emulation will one day make more sense, but right now it's in an uncanny valley between the truly ancient and the modern and legitimate virtualization available from Leopard Server forward.
Beyond eBay, of course, consider just keeping your old Macs around after you buy new Macs. Old Macs that seem dog slow on the current version of macOS will seem much faster when their hard drives are wiped and replaced with an older version of the operating system. My 2009 iMac, which seemed horrendously slow running El Capitan, absolutely flies when it's running Snow Leopard. If you rely on old software, keeping an old Mac around isn't a bad investment.
Think of the future
The ability to run old software you still need to use is important, but there's a larger issue here, too. In our quest for the latest and greatest, it's easy to discard old technology as outmoded and irrelevant. Which it is, in a way. But after a few years, what was old and outmoded becomes historic, maybe even classic. Internet communities that build emulators of old software and hardware are vital to allowing the people of today and tomorrow to understand what computers and video-game consoles were like in the early days.
And unfortunately, we can't count on the companies that made these products to be good stewards of their work. Occasionally a company will donate source code to a computer museum, but often times legal reasons make it impossible for software to be made publicly available. In a perfect world, Apple should've allowed the public complete access to the source code for the Apple II platform—but it hasn't, and probably can't. (Even Apple's donation of the Lisa source code to the Computer History Museum isn't complete; it doesn't have the rights to the included dictionary.)
In this way, I think we actually have to thank Apple for changing the license for macOS in 2011 so that it certain versions can be freely virtualized. That probably means that, long after the Mac has vanished and the devices we use no longer use Intel-compatible processors, all the Mac software from this decade will survive in its own virtual reality.
